@MastersThesis{SousaJúnior:2011:CaSiEs,
author = "Sousa J{\'u}nior, Serafim Barbosa de",
title = "Caracteristicas sin{\'o}ticas e estatisticas de Eventos Quentes e
Secos (EQS) no sudeste do Brasil, durante o inverno",
school = "Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais",
year = "2011",
address = "S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos",
month = "2011-02-25",
keywords = "Eventos Quentes e Secos (EQS), sin{\'o}tica, estatistica,
Fun{\c{c}}{\~o}es Ortogonais Emp{\'{\i}}ricas (EOF), dry and
warm events, statistic, sinoptic, Empirical Ortogonal Funtion
(EOF).",
abstract = "Durante o inverno Austral entre os anos de 1989 e 2008 foram
estudadas sobre a regi{\~a}o Sudeste do Brasil as
caracter{\'{\i}}sticas sin{\'o}ticas e estat{\'{\i}}sticas
dos Eventos Quentes e Secos (EQS). A sele{\c{c}}{\~a}o destes
eventos foi baseada na anomalia di{\'a}ria de temperatura do ar,
umidade relativa e precipita{\c{c}}{\~a}o. Estes eventos sugerem
a causa de desconfortos respirat{\'o}rios {\`a}
popula{\c{c}}{\~a}o que vive nesta regi{\~a}o por
consequ{\^e}ncia dos baixos valores de umidade relativa presente
na atmosfera, al{\'e}m de d{\'e}ficit h{\'{\i}}drico no solo
devido {\`a} aus{\^e}ncia de precipita{\c{c}}{\~a}o. Durante a
atua{\c{c}}{\~a}o dos EQS os sistemas meteorol{\'o}gicos
transientes que est{\~a}o relacionados {\`a} ocorr{\^e}ncia de
precipita{\c{c}}{\~a}o e queda da temperatura do ar, s{\~a}o
impedidos de progredir at{\'e} a regi{\~a}o estudada, o que
favorece a eleva{\c{c}}{\~a}o da temperatura do ar, decaindo
ainda mais a umidade relativa. Esta disserta{\c{c}}{\~a}o
abrangeu os aspectos estat{\'{\i}}sticos e sin{\'o}ticos destes
eventos. Do ponto de vista estat{\'{\i}}stico foram encontrados
26 EQS e as anomalias de temperatura do ar, anomalia de umidade
relativa e anomalia de precipita{\c{c}}{\~a}o foram em
m{\'e}dia 3º C, -7 \% e -1 mm respectivamente. A frequ{\^e}ncia
destes eventos foi aproximadamente 1(um) caso por ano com
dura{\c{c}}{\~a}o m{\'e}dia de 7 dias. Em m{\'e}dia o
{\'{\I}}ndice de Severidade de EQS foi de 4,4 (adimensional) com
desvio padr{\~a}o de 2,9. A an{\'a}lise de vari{\^a}ncia
mostrou um alt{\'{\i}}ssimo grau de signific{\^a}ncia
estat{\'{\i}}stica entre as m{\'e}dias an{\^o}malas para o
per{\'{\i}}odo dos EQS para a temperatura do ar, umidade
relativa e precipita{\c{c}}{\~a}o. Foram identificados
atrav{\'e}s de um {\'{\i}}ndice de severidade os tr{\^e}s
eventos mais intensos e posteriormente foi feita uma an{\'a}lise
sin{\'o}tica destes EQS a fim de se compreender o mecanismo de
forma{\c{c}}{\~a}o e dissipa{\c{c}}{\~a}o associado. O
padr{\~a}o descrito no campo de anomalia de altura de
geopotencial em 500 hPa durante o per{\'{\i}}odo de
atua{\c{c}}{\~a}o sugere a presen{\c{c}}a de um bloqueio do
tipo {\^o}mega invertido para o evento II e um bloqueio do tipo
dipolo para antes do evento III. A an{\'a}lise do modo dominante
da primeira EOF para o campo de temperatura do ar durante os 26
eventos mostrou uma domin{\^a}ncia de anomalias positivas sobre o
centro oeste, sul e sudeste do Brasil, enquanto que o campo de
umidade relativa mostrou um padr{\~a}o contr{\'a}rio. Os dados
utilizados nesta disserta{\c{c}}{\~a}o foram extra{\'{\i}}dos
da rean{\'a}lises Interim do ECMWF (European Center for
M{\'e}dium Range Forecast) na resolu{\c{c}}{\~a}o de 1,5º x
1,5º latitude/longitude. Para a precipita{\c{c}}{\~a}o foram
utilizados dados do CPC/NCEP (Climate Prediction Center/National
Centers for Envoironmental Prediction) na resolu{\c{c}}{\~a}o de
1º x 1º latitude/longitude. Os campos sin{\'o}ticos utilizados
para identificar e descrever as regi{\~o}es an{\^o}malas das
vari{\'a}veis utilizadas foram tamb{\'e}m gerados a partir dessa
rean{\'a}lises. ABSTRACT: During the Austral winter between the
years 1989 and 2008 the synoptic features and statistics of Warm
and Dry Events (EQS) on the Southeast region of Brazil were
studied. These events are characterized by positive anomalies of
air temperature, negative anomalies of relative humidity and lack
of rainfall during the period of occurrence. The EQS suggest
respiratory discomfort to the population by further aggravating
the lack of moisture during the winter, besides contributing to
the shortage of rain and sudden increase of fires. The synoptic
study of these events can promote the operational meteorology
since there are no studies on this subject over the southeastern
region of Brazil. During the occurrence of EQS transient weather
systems that are related to precipitation events and drop in air
temperature are prevented from progressing until the study region,
which favors the increase of air temperature, further decreasing
the relative humidity. These events have three distinct phases:
initial stage to say when the temperature increases, the
maturation phase when the temperature rises and behaves almost
constant and dissipation stage when the temperature decreases.
This work covered the synoptic and statistical aspects of these
events. From the statistical point of view found 26 EQS and
anomalous air temperature, relative humidity anomaly and
precipitation anomaly averaged 3 °C, -7\% to -1 mm respectively.
The frequency of these events was approximately 1 (one) case per
year with an average duration of 7 days over. On average the index
of severity of EQS was 4.4 (dimensionless) with a deviation of
2.9. The variance analysis showed a high degree of significant
between the averages for the period of anomalous EQS for the air
temperature, relative humidity and precipitation. They were
identified by an index of severity of the three most intense cases
of EQS and were later made a synoptic analysis of these events in
order to understand the mechanism of formation, maturation and
dissipation associated. The pattern described in the field of
anomaly of geopotential height at 500 hPa during the period of
activity suggests the presence ofa block inverted omega II for the
event and an amplified ridge-type lock for the case III. The
dominant mode of EOF to the field of air temperature during the 26
events showed a dominance of positive anomalies over the Midwest,
South and Southeast Brazil, while the field of relative humidity
showed an opposite pattern. The air temperature data at the level
of 1000 hPa, relative humidity at 1000 hPa, mean sea level
pressure, wind at 925 hPa, 500 hPa and 200 hPa geopotential height
at 500 hPa and precipitable water used were from Interim
reanalysis of the ECMWF (European Center for Medium Range
Forecast) with resolution of 1.5 º x 1.5 º latitude / longitude.
For the precipitation data were used CPC / NCEP (Climate
Prediction Center / National Centers for Envoironmental
Prediction) in the resolution of 1 x 1 º latitude / longitude. The
synoptic fields used to identify and describe the phenomenon were
generated from the ECMWF Interim reanalysis.",
committee = "Rosa, Marcelo Barbio (presidente) and Bonatti, Jos{\'e} Paulo
(orientador) and Marques, Rosa de F{\'a}tima Cruz",
copyholder = "SID/SCD",
englishtitle = "Sinoptic features and statistics of events hot and dry (EQS) in
southeastern Brazil, during the winter",
language = "pt",
pages = "140",
ibi = "8JMKD3MGP7W/396HTES",
url = "http://urlib.net/ibi/8JMKD3MGP7W/396HTES",
targetfile = "publicacao.pdf",
urlaccessdate = "21 maio 2024"
}